高中英语语法——从句共有几种类型请分别给出详细讲解

主语从句 （一般句首，it作形式主语），表语从句（系动词后），宾语从句（介词 动词后，it作形式宾语）同位语从句（idea，suggestion，promise等特殊词后，解释说明） -Water,which is a clear liquid,has many uses.------名词性从句

同位语从句讲解 同位语从句的讲解

同位语从句讲解 同位语从句的讲解

同位语从句讲解 同位语从句的讲解

定语从句（名词 代词后 that which who whose 连接） 非限制性2) 由as 引起的让步从句, 语气较强烈,被强调的词须放在句首.定语从句 不能用that

状语从句 指句子用作状语时，起副词作用的句子。它可以修饰谓语、非谓语动词、定语、状语或整个句子。根据其作用可分为时间、地点、原因、条件、目的、结果、让步、方式和比较等从句。状语从句一般由连词(从属连词)，也可以由词组引起。从句位于句首或句中时通常用逗号与主句隔开，位于句尾时可以不用逗号隔开。

定语从句 状语从句(1) The man with whom you talked is my friend. (T) 主语从句 同位语从句

表语从句是怎么样的？ 要详细的讲解

He yoything you need? 你要的东西都有了吗？

不能只看表语从句，要理解名词性从句

名词性从句

名词性从句相当于名词，作主句的主语、表语、宾语和同位语。因此，名词性从句分为主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句。

（一）名词性从句的连接词

1、连接代词：who[主语 ], whose [定语], whom[宾语], what [主语,宾语, 表语],

which[定语]。有词义，在从A.whose B.of which C.which D.its句中担任成分。

2、连接副词：when[时间状语], where[地点状语], why[原因状语], how[其他状语]。

有词义，在从句中担任成分。

3、连接词：that, wher, if[是否], 在从句中不担任成分

（二）主语从句 1、主语从句在复合句作主语。 Who will go is not important.

2、用it作形式主语，主语从句放在句末。

It doesn’t matter so much wher you will come or not.

3、that主语从句时放在句首时，不能省略。

That he suddenly fell ill last week made us surprised.

（三）表语从句4 which→在定语从句中做主语或宾语→用来指物

1、表语从句在复合句中作表语，位于系动词之后。

The question was who could go there.

2、表语从句的连接词that有时可省去。

My idea is (that) we can get more comrades to in the work.

1、宾语从句在复合句中作宾语。宾语从句的连词that一般可省略。

I hope (that) rything is all right.

2、介词之后的宾语从句，不可用which或if连接，要分别用what或 wher。

I’m interested in what you’ve said.

3、wher与if常可互换。但下面情况不能互换。

①宾语从句是否定句时，只用if，不用wher。

I wonder if it doesn’t rain.

②宾语从句中的wher 与or not直接连用，就不能换成if；不直接连用，可换。

I don’t know wher or not the report is true.

I don’t know wher/ if the report is true or not.

（五）同位语从句

同位语从句在句中作某一名词的同位语，一般位于该名词（如：news, fact, idea, suggestion, promise等）之后，说明该名词的具体内容。

I he no idea when he will be back.

The fact that he had not said anything surprised rybody.

定语从句的讲解

2. which作宾语(2) This is the pen (which) he bought yesterday.时，根据先行词与定语从句之间的语义关系，先行词与which之间的介词不能丢

步：抓住定语的概念，修饰名词就叫定语。第二步：从句的概念，用一个句子来修饰名词，原因是世界上的形容词不够用了，我们要用句子来修饰名词；第三步：从句部分，who、that、which等这些关系代词。在从句当中做什么成分，有的时候做主语，有的时候做宾语。

22. The knife ____we used to cut the bread is very sharp .

高中定语从句讲解(2)

2)I he three children, two of ____ are doctors.

用关系代词还是关系副词定语从句主要看关系词在定语从句中的作用（即所担当的成分）。试比较：

A.Iknowaplacewherewecanheapicnic.我知道一个我们可以野炊的地方。

Iknowaplacewhich/thatisfamousforiteautifulnaturalscenery.我知道一个以自然景色优美而闻名的地方。

B.Iwillnrforgetthedayswhenwespentourholidaystoger.我永远忘不了我们一起 度的日子。

Iwillnrforgetthedaysthat/whichwespenttoger.我永远忘不了我们一起度过的日子。

C.Thisisthereasonwhyhewasdiissed.这就是他被解雇的原因。

Thisisthereasonthat/whichheexplainedtomeforhisnotattendingthemeeting.这就是他向我解释的他没有参加会议的原因。

（五） but 有时也用作关系词定语从句。如：

Therearryfewbutadehistalents. 很少有人不赞赏他的才干的。（but=whodon’t）

（六）定语从句与同位语从句的区别

1．定语从句修饰限定先行词，它与先行词是修饰关系；同位语从句说明先行词的具体内容，它与先行词是同位关系。

TheplanathasjusttakenoffisforParis.（定语从句）刚刚起飞的那架飞机是开往巴黎的。

2．定语从句由关系代词或关系副词，关系词在从句中担当相应的句子成分，关系代词在从句中作宾语时经常可省略。同位语从句主要由连词that，在从句中一般不担当成分；有时也由where,when,how,who,wher,what等连词，这些连词则在从句中担当成分。

Thenewsthathetoldmeistrue.（定语从句）他告诉我的消息是真的。

Thenewsthathehasjustdiedistrue.（同位语从句）他刚刚了，这个消息是真的。

Theproblemthatwearefacingnowishowwecancollectsomuchmoney.(定语从句)我们现在面临的问题是如何筹集这么多资金。

Theproblemhowwecancollectsomuchmoneyisdifficulttosolve.（同位语从句）我们如何筹集这么多资金，这个问题很难解决。

Thequestionthatheraisedpuzzledallofus.（定语从句）他提出的问题让我们很为难。

Thequestionwherheissuretowintheishardtoanswer.（同位语从句）他是否一定会赢得那场比赛，这个问题很难回答。

3．同位语从句与先行词一般可以用动词be发展成一个完整的句子,而定语从句则不能。如：

A.Theideathathewecouldasktheteacherforaiswonderful.（同位语从句）我们可以向老师请教，这个主意不错。

Theideawasthatwecouldasktheteacherfora.

B.Thefactthattheearthmovesaroundthesunisknowntoall.（同位语从句）地球围绕太阳转，这个事实人人皆知。

Thefactisthattheearthmovesaroundthesun.

C.Payattentiontotheproblemhowwecanprotectthewildanimals.（同位语从句）请注意如何保护野生动物这个问题。

Theproblemishowwecanprotectthewildanimals.

Exercises:

1.There are three bedrooms in the house,_____ is Mary's.

A the allestof whichB the aller of which

C the allest of themD the allest one

2.The Greens will move into the new house next Monday,_____ it will be compley finished.

A by the timeB by which timeC by that timeD by this time

3.Al has a large collection of phone,_____ was taken in london.

A none of themB no one of whichC all of whichD none of which

4.With the fast dlopment of agriculture, the people ____ village I taught beforelived a happy life.

A whoB whoseC in whoseD in which

5.There is a moutain ____ the top is always covered with snow.

A whoseB ofwhichC it'sD that

6.She may he missed her train, in ____ case she won't arrive for another hour.

A whatB thatC whichD this

7.1)I he three children,and two of _____ are doctors.

8.There two thousand students in our school,____ are girls.

A two-thirds in whichB two-thirds in themC two-thirds of themD of whom two thirds

9.I he bought two ballpens,_____ writes well.

A neither of themB none of themC neither of whichD none of which

（1---6ABDCBC 7----9B DDC）

特殊结构定语从句点击

1. These houses are sold at such a low pr ________ people expected.

A. likeB. asC. thatD. which

2. I've nr heard so interesting a story ________ you told me.

A. asB. that C. of whichD. about which

3. I've seen the same film ________ you saw yesterday.

A. thatB. which C. asD. like

4. I'll buy the same coat ________ you wear.

A. that B. which C. as D. like

5. He made another wonderful discovery, ________ of great importance to science.

A. which I think is

B. which I think it is

C. which I think it

D. I think is

A. It B. As C. That D. What

7. This is the first time ________ he has been here.

8. I don't like ________ you speak to her.

A. the wayB. they way in thatC. the way whichD. the way of which

与简析：

1. B。当先行词被such修饰时，定语从句用as，即构成结构为"such+（a/an）＋形容词＋名词＋as"的定语从句，意为"......像......一样的"。整个句子意为：这些房屋以人们原来估计的那样低的价格出售。

2. A。由s⑥ as 像～（主语，宾语）o interesting a story = such an interesting story和上面一题的解释便可得知。as在定语从句中作宾语。整句意为：我从未听说过像你告诉我那样有趣的故事。

3. A

4. C。当先行词被same修饰时，定语从句由that或as，但意思不同。用that定语从句指同一物，而用as定语从句指同类事物。

5. A。做此题的关键是要知道I think在定语从句中作插入语，做题时将其去掉便可容易得到。

6. B。As在此非限制性定语从句，代表它所修饰的整个句子内容，并且它可放在所修饰句子的前、中或后面。其常见结构如：as you know, as is said above, as is often the case（情况经常是这样）等。如选A，则需将逗号改为that；如选D，则需将逗号改为is that。

7. A。当先行词为the first time, the last time等时，定语从句的词用that而不用when。

8. A。当先行词为way时，定语从句的词用that或in which, 也可省略。

定语从句

1．This is the best factory ____we visited last year .

A. where B. whichC. in whichD. that

2.Is this the factory ____comrs are built ?

A. that B. which C. in whichD. in that

3.please pass me the dictionary ____cover is red .

A. whose B.its C. which D. which of

4.The man ____has arrived .

A. whom I told you B. that I told you

C. whom I told you about him D. I told you about

5. Do you know the comrade ____we are talking ?

A. to whomB. to who C. whom D. to that

6. They visited the house ___the great writer was born .

A. from where B. in which C. which D. in where

7. The comrade ___is speaking at the meeting is my teacher .

A. whomB. which C. who D. whose

8. He asked us to watch carefully rything ___he did in class .

A. who B. that C. what D. where

9. I’ll visit the professor tomorrow ,___he will be back from Shanghai .

A. who B. thatC. whenD. which

10.The school ___I study is a new one .

A. on which B. at where C. on that D. at which

11. China has many islands,____the largest is Taiwan .

A. in which B. at which C. which D. of which

12. The city ____my mother grew up is not far from here .

A. what B. where C. that D. which

13. Our teacher lives in the house ____door faces to the north .

A. which B. his C. thatD. whose

14. Do you know the man ___your father nodded ?

A. whom B. to whomC. to who D. about whom

A. that B. when C. whichD. what

16. I told you ____I know .

A. all that B. all which C. all whatD. all whom

17.China has a lot of famous writers ,one ___is Lu Xun .

A. of which B. of whomC. of who D. of them

18. Is this factory ____we visited last year ?

A. in whichB. around that C. whom D. the one

19. Who is the man ____was there ?

A. whoB. which C. that D. whom

20. Is there anything ____I can do for you, sir ?

A. thatB. which C. whose D. who

21. I still remember the day ____she first wore that green dress .

A. which B. in which C. on thatD. on which

A. with whichB. with it C. with that D. which

23. The s ____the young men competed in were difficult .

A.in which B. which C. it D. who

24.It rained hard yesterday, ____ prnted me from going to the park..

A. that B. which C. as D. it

25. George Mallory was an English school teacher _____ loved climbing.

A. whoB. whomC. he D. which

历届英语单项选择题定语从句精选

26.His parents wouldn’t let him marry anyone ______ family was poor.

A.of whom B.whom C.of whose D.whose

27.She heard a terrible noise, _______ brought her heart into her mouth.

A.it B.which C.this D.that

28.In the dark street , there wasn’t a single person _____ she could turn for .

A.that B.who C.from whom D.to whom

29.The weather turned out to be very good , ____ was more than we could expect.

A.what B.which C.that D.it

30.After living in Pairs for fifty years he returned to the all town ____ he grew up as a child.

A.which B.where C.that D.when

31．Carol said the work would be done by October,______personally I doubt very much.

A. it B.that C.when D.which

32．Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play, ________,of course , made the others unhappy.

A．who B．which C．this D．what

33.Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase , _____ was very reasonable.

A.which pr C.the pr of which

C.its pr D.thC.which I think it D.I think which ise pr of whose

34._____ has already been pointed out , grammar is not a set of dead rules.

A.As B.It C.That D.Which

35.He lived in London for 3 months , during ____ time he learned some English.

A.this B.which C.that D.same

36.On the wall g a picture, _____ color is blue.

37.Whenr I met him , ____ was fairly often, I like his sweet and hopeful ile.

A.what B.which C.that D.when

38.The visitor asked the guide to take his picture _____ stands the famous tower.

A.that B.where C.which D.there

A.in which B.in that C.in whose D.whose

A.the way B.the way in that C.the way which D.the way of which

41.I had neither a raincoat nor an umbrella ._______ I got wet through .

A.It’s the reason B.That’s why

C.There’s why D.It’s how

42.He made another wonderful discovery , ____ of great importance to science.

A.which I think is B.which I think it is

定语从句:

1-5DCADA 6-10 BCBCD 11-15 DBDBC 16-20 ABDCA 21- 25 DABBA

KEYS: 26-30 DBDBB 31-35 DBCAB 36-40 ABBCA 41-42 BA

名词性从句谁给我讲讲？

Finally, the thief handed rything that he had stolen to the pol.

很简单的理解就是从句在句子中作什么成分就是什么从句,名词性从句He can swim in the river, which I cannot. 他会在河里游泳，那正是我不会的。也就是从句在句子中充当一个名词,

表示结果的特殊定语从句与其先行成分之间存在着一定的因果关系，从句中往往使用有结果意义的词，如动词result, make, enable, cause和形容词interesting, surprising, delightful, disgraceful等。

例如主语从句,就是从句在句子中作主语,

(what he did )is wrong括号中就在句子中作主语,称主语从句,

宾语从句,表语从句,同位语从句也是如此

实在不明白的话可以单独问老师,课上集体讲解可能不明白,自己问问会听明白的

中文里面 说一个（穿马甲的）女孩，括号里就是形容词的部分，那在英语里就是名词性从句的功能，只不过是名词+从句（形容词）——换了以下顺序而已！

只要记住从句就是是句子里的一部分（主语、表语、宾语、同位语），而从句就是修饰他的部分！

主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句，就是不同词性的 从句形式

英语有几大从句？可以分别讲解么？（详细采纳）

(3) Great changes he taken place in the city in which./where I was born.

今天起为大家介绍一下英语中几大从句的用法以及其相关内容，如果总结地不够详尽的，还请各位朋友补充说明，谢谢。 1.主语从句 1）主语从句可直接位于主语的位置，如果从句较长，谓语又较短，可用it作形式主语，而将从句放在句末。常见的句型有： It is a facta pitya questiongood news that... It seemsappearshappenedhas turned out that... It is clearimportantlikelysible that... It is saidreportedestimatedhas been proved that... It is said that comic books create a connection between people of the same generation. It seems that the performance is very useful. 2)what的主语从句表示“...的东西时”，一般不用it作形式主语。 What we lack is experience. 3)what,who,when,why,wher等词含有各自的疑问意义，但它们的主语从句，都用陈述语序。 How the plan is to be carried out should be discussed again. I did know why I felt like crying. 愛の心墙 积分：18053 1 楼：愛の心墙 发表于： 2010-07-22 10:02 2.宾语从句 1）宾语从句可位于及物动词、介词和某些形容词后。连词that常可省略。介词后一般接疑问词的宾语从句。in that(因为),except that(除了),but that(只是）已构成固定搭配，其他介词后一般不接that的宾语从句。 I promised that I would change the situation. All this is different from what American young people would say about friendship. He is certain that watching so much evision is not good for children. This article is well-written except that it is a bit too long. 2)宾语从句后如有宾补，要用形式宾语it来代替，而把宾语从句移至宾补之后。 He has made it clear that he would not change his mind. 3)在think,beli,supe,expect等动词后的宾语从句中，如果谓语是否定的，一般将否定词移至主句谓语上，宾语从句则变成肯定形式。 He didn't think that the money was well spent. 2.宾语从句 1）宾语从句可位于及物动词、介词和某些形容词后。连词that常可省略。介词后一般接疑问词的宾语从句。in that(因为),except that(除了),but that(只是）已构成固定搭配，其他介词后一般不接that的宾语从句。 I promised that I would change the situation. All this is different from what American young people would say about friendship. He is certain that watching so much evision is not good for children. This article is well-written except that it is a bit too long. 2)宾语从句后如有宾补，要用形式宾语it来代替，而把宾语从句移至宾补之后。 He has made it clear that he would not change his mind. 3)在think,beli,supe,expect等动词后的宾语从句中，如果谓语是否定的，一般将否定词移至主句谓语上，宾语从句则变成肯定形式。 He didn't think that the money was well spent. 3.表语从句 表语从句出现在结构为“主语+系动词+表语从句”的句子中。表语从句除可用that,what,when,why,wher,how等外，还可由because,as if(though)等。that常可省略。如主句主语为reason,只能用that表语从句，不可用because. Perhaps the most important thing to remember is that there is no one common type of life in America. The reason why so many people died there is that there were not enough food supplies. It looks as if successful international cultural communication will make the world aller. 4.同位语从句 同位语从句用于对前面出现的名词作进一步说明，一般用连词that，由于先行名词的意义不同，也可用wher,who,when,where,what,why,how等。常见的先行名词有fact,idea,belief,news,hope,conclusion,evidence,suggestion,order,problem,report,decision.有时由于谓语较短，将同位语从句位于谓语之后。 She finally made the decision that she would join the fashion show. I had no idea how many b关系副词=介词+关系代词ooks I could borrow at a time. The news came that their team had won the championship. 5.定语从句 定语从句所修饰的先行词可以是名词或代词，也可以是一个句子。定语从句通常位于先行词之后，由关系代词或关系副词。 限制性定语从句 限制性定语从句修饰先行词，对先行词起修饰作用，紧接先行词之后，无逗号，若省去，原句意思不完整。定语从句的关系代词有who,whom,whose,which,that等。who,whom,whose用于指人，whose有时也可指物，相当于of which；which用于指物；that既可指人也可指物，但只用于限制性定语从句中。关系代词除了定语从句，替代先行词外，还在从句中担任主语、宾语、定语等。 The comrs and cables which make up the Internet are owned by people and organizations. Those who live alone or who are sick may he trouble in getting close to other people. The girl whose parents died in an accident is living with her grandmother. 1)当先行词是all,anything,rything,soming,nothing等不定代词或先行词前有first,last,any,few,much,some,no,only以及形容词修饰时，只能用关系代词that从句。 That is all that I've heard from him. He's the first person that I'm going to interview this afternoon. 2)关系代词的省略 在从句中作宾语的关系代词常可省略。关系代词紧跟介词，作介词宾语时不可用that，只可用which或whom从句，并且不可省略，但当介词位于宾语从句句末时，作为介词宾语的关系代词仍可用that，也可省略。 This is one of those things with which we he to put up. This is one of those things (whichthat) we he to put up with. 3)定语从句的关系副词有when,where,why等。关系副词在从句中作状语，意义上相当于一个“介词+which”的结构。 Even in comic books where(=in which) there are no words,the stories are fully expressed through the drawings. No one knows the reason why(=for which) he was so angry that day. 非限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句既可修饰先行词，也可修饰整个主句，起补充说明作用，与主句之间有逗号隔开，若省去，原句意思不受影响。不可用that非限制性定语从句。关系词不可省略。 Every object has a gritational pull,which is rather like magneti. “介词+whichwhomwhose”的定语从句 “介词+whichwhomwhose”可限制性定语从句，也可非限制性定语从句，该结构中介词的选择取决于从句谓语动词的固定搭配，或先行词的习惯搭配。 This is the comr on which he spent all his sings It is written by a person with whom we are all familiar. as的定语从句 as的定语从句主要用于“such...as”及“the same...as”的结构中，代替先行词是人或物的名词。as非限制性定语从句时，代替整个主句，从句可位于主句之前、之后或中间。 These are not such problems as can be easily solved.(as代替先行词problems) As is mentioned above,no single company or group can control what happens on the Internet.(as代替主语) 6.状语从句 时间状语从句 时间状语从句的从属连词和词组有： 1）when,whenr,while,as,after,before,since,till,until,once等。 We he learnt quite a lot about it since we came here. 2)as soon as,hardly(scarcely)...when,no sooner...than,each(ry) time,the moment,immediay(that)等。 As soon as I sent an e-mail message,I received itive responses. The moment he heard the good news,he jumped with joy. 地点状语从句 地点状语从句的连词是where,wherr. Wherr she went,she took her little daughter with her. 原因、结果和目的状语从句 1）原因状语从句的从属连词有：because,as,since,now(that),seeing that,considering that,in that等。 Considering that he is a freshman,we must say he is doing well. 2)结果状语从句的连词有：so...that,such...that,so that,that,so等。 Mickey Mouse is so attractive that the children are reluctant to lee. 3)目的状语从句的连词有：so that,in order that,for fear that,lest等，从句常使用may,might,can,could,would等情态动词。 We got up early this morning so that we could catch the first bus to the railway station. 条件和让步状语从句 1）条件状语从句的连词和词组有if,unless,as(so) long as,on condition that,in case,provided(providing) that,suping等。 As long as you he the right equipment,you can use a ephone line to tranit comr data. 2)让步状语从句的连词和词组有though,although,wher,n though,n if,no matter what(when,how...),whatr(whenr,wherr,howr....)等。though,n if等状语从句可转换成含有as的部分倒装结构，具有强调意义。其结构为“形容词（副词、动词、名词）+as+主语+谓语”。 No matter what you may say,I would not change my mind. Young as he is,he is quite experienced in this work.(=though he is young) Child as he is,he can speak English fluently.(=though he is a child) 方式状语从句 方式状语从句的连词有as,just as,as if,as though等。as if,as though的状语从句中，谓语动词常用虚拟语气，表示与事实相反。 The young man made the experiment just as the teacher had taught him. Everything went on as usual as if nothing had happened.

（四）宾语从句

谁帮我讲解一下有关各类从句的知识，主要是非谓语从句的语法知识。我怎么也搞不清楚，有例题。

二、关系副词

主题：同位语从句 知识讲解 有关同谓语从句的语法 内容：有关同谓语从句的语法

1. which的非限定性定语从句来说明前面整个句子的情况或主句的某一部分

谢谢 提交人：萧萧如风 时间：12/19/2006 22:8:36 主题：同位语从句 内容：同位语从句属复合句的重要内容，也是重要考点之一，学好同位语从句关键应注意下列几点： 一、理解同位语从句的含义，把握同位语从句的实质在主从复合句中作同位语的从句称为同位语从句。同位语从句一般用that,wher等词，常放在fact,news,idea,truth,hope,problem,rmation等名词后面，说明该名词的具体内容。换言之，同位语从句和所修饰的名词在内容上为同一关系。例：The news that they had won the soon spread over the whole school.他们比赛获胜的消息很快传遍了整个学校。析：they had won the 说明The news的全部内容，因此该句为同位语从句。二、正确运用同位语从句的词，准确把握同位语从句1.如同位语从句意义完整，应用that同位语从句。例：The general ge the order that the soldiers should cross the river at once.将军下达了战士们立即过河的命令。析：the soldiers should cross the river at once是the order的全部内容，且意义完整，因此应用that同位语从句。2.如同位语从句意义不完整，需增加"是否"的含义，应用wher同位语从句。例：We'll discuss the problem wher the sports meeting will be held on time.我们将讨论运动会是否会如期举行的问题。析：the sports meeting will be held on time意义不完整，应加"是否"的含义才能表达the problem的全部内容，因此应用wher同位语从句。3.如同位语从句意义不完整，需增加"什么时候"、"什么地点"、"什么方式"等含义，应用when,where,how等词同位语从句。例1：I he no idea when he will be back. 析：he will be back意义不完整，应加"什么时候"的含义才能表达idea的全部内容，因此应用when同位语从句。例2：I he no impression how he went home,perhaps by bike. 析：he went home意义不完整，应加"如何"的含义才能表达impression的全部内容，因此应用how同位语从句。三、把握同位语从句和定语从句的区别，明确同位语从句和相似从句的界限同位语从句和定语从句相似，都放在某一名词或代词后面，但同位语从句不同于定语从句。同位语从句对名词加以补充说明，是名词全部内容的体现，且名词和同位语从句的词均不在从句中作成分；定语从句对名词加以限制，是名词内容的修饰性定语，且名词和定语从句的词均在从句中作成分。例1：Information has been put forward ____ more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities.(NMET2001上海) A.while B.that C.when D.as 析：为B。more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities是Information的内容，且Information不在从句中作成分，所以该句为同位语从句。应将该句区别于：It is said that more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities，this is the rmation ____ has been put forward. A.what B.that C.when D.as 析：为B。that has been put forward为rmation的修饰性定语，且rmation在从句中作主语，所以该句为定语从句。例2：She heard a terrible noise,____ brought her heart into her mouth.(MET) A.it B.which C.this D.that 析：为B。分析语境含义、句子结构和句子成分可知，该句为非限制性定语从句，先行词为a terrible noise，且它在从句中作主语。应将该句区别于：I can't stand the terrible noise ____ she is crying loudly. A.it B.which C.this D.that 析：为D。she is crying loudly是the terrible noise的内容，且the terrible noise不在从句中作成分，所以该句为同位语从句。巩固性练习：1.The fact ____ she works hard is well known to us all. A.that B.what C.why D.which 2.The fact ____ he was successful proves his ability. A.that B.what C.which D.why 3.The news ____ he was kidnapped surprised us greatly. A.what B.that C.why D.when 4.His suggestion ____ the meeting be delayed was turned down. A.which B.that C./D.it 5.I he no idea ____ he will start. A.when B.that C.what D./ 6.I've come from the government with a message ____ the meeting won't be held tomorrow. A.if B.that C.wher D.which 7.The thought ____ he might fail in the exam worried him. A.when B.which C.what D.that 8.The order ____ the prisoner be set free arrived too late. A.which B.wher C.that D.what 9.The nurses are trying their best to reduce the patient's fear ____ he would die of the disease. A.that B.as C.of which D.which 10.He often asked me the question ____ the work was worth doing. A.wher B.where C.that D.when Keys: 1-5 AABBA 6-10 BDCAA

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1. 定语从句在句子中作定语，用来修饰一个名词、名词词组或者代词

2. 先行词和词

被修饰的名词、名词词组或代词叫做先行词；在先行词和定语从句之间起连接作用的词叫做词。词语可分为“关系代词”和“关系副词”。

3. 关系代词和关系副词

关系代词有：who, whom, whose, that, which, as。关系副词有：when, where, why。

<>注意：关系副词里面没有how。如果要修饰方式，用that或in which，或者不用词。

I don’t like the way (that, in which) he eyed me. 我不喜欢他看我的那个样子。

4. 关系代词：who

关系动词who在从句中主要作为主语，在非正式语体里who还可以作从句中的宾语。

He is the man who wants to see you. 他就是想要见你的那个人。（who在句中作为主语）

Succeed will come to him who is honest and dit. 成功将归于诚实而勤奋的人。

5. 关系代词：whom

他就是我昨天在公园里见到的那个人。（whom在从句中作宾语）

作宾语用的词可以省略，因此上面的句子可以改写如下：He is the man I saw in the park yesterday.

6. 关系代词：whose用来指人或物（只能用作定语, 若指物，它还可以同of which互换）。

They rushed over to the man whose car had broken down.

那人车坏了，他们跑过去帮忙。

Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green. 请递给我那本绿例句：我不知道他们正在谈论的人和事。皮的书。

7. 关系代词：which（1）

which指物，在从句中作为主语或宾语，作宾语时在非正式语体中可以省略。

They needed a plant which didn't need as much water as r.

他们需要一种不像水稻那么需要水的作物。（主语）

The farm (which) we visited yesterday is located in the suburb of Beijing.

我们昨天参观的农场位于郊区。（作宾语，可省略。）

8. 关系代词：which（2）

当在which和that面前进行选择的情况下，一下情况要选which：

1）.在非限制性定语从句中通常用which作词，而不能用that做非限制性定语从句的词。

2）. 修饰整个主句。

I nr met Julia again after that, which was a pity.

从那以后我再也没有见到朱莉叶，真是遗憾。

3）. 修饰谓语部分。

4）. 介词 + which

They are all questions to which there are no answers. 那些问题都是无头公案。

9. 关系代词：that（1）

that多用来指物，有时也可以用来指人；在从句中作主语或宾语。

指物的时候多用that，也可用which。

It’s a question that (which) needs careful consideration.

这是一个需要仔细考虑的问题。（指物，作为主语。）

Who is the man that is reading a magazine under the tree?

树下那个在看杂志的那个人是谁？（指人，作为主语。）

The girl (that) we saw yesterday is Tom’s sister.

我们昨天看到的那个女孩是汤姆的妹妹。（指人，作宾语，可省略。）

10. 关系代词：that（2）

在以下的情况中，只能用that作词，而不能用which作词。

1）. 先行词为all , rything, anything, nothing, little等不定代词时。

All that she lacked was training. 她所缺少的是训练。

rything等为先行词时，词可以省略。

Is there anything I can do for you? 有什么事要我做吗？

All you he to do is to press the button. 你所要做的就是按一下电钮。

2）. 先行词被形容词修饰时

This is the best film that I he r seen. 这是我看过的中的一部。

3）. 先行词被序数词和the last修饰时

4）. 先行词中既有人又有物时

They talked about the teachers and the schools that they had visited.

他们谈论他们参观过的那些学校和老师们。

5）. 主句是含有who或which的特殊疑问句，为了避免重复时

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求定语从句的完全讲解。

39.The boss ____ department Ms King worked ten years ago look down upon women.

定语从句：

一：概说

1 定义：在复合句中起定语作用的从句叫做定语从句。

（定语从句一般放在它所修饰的名词或代词——即先行词之后）

2 种类；

⑴限定性定语从句：限定性定语从句对说明句子意义来说必不可少，如果省略句子意思不

完整，有时甚至会被歪曲，限定性定语从句不用“，”和句子的其他部

分隔开。

⑵非限定性定语从句：非限定性定语从句对说明句子意义来说未必必不可少，如果省略

句子意思仍然完整，非限定性定语从句通常用“，”和句子的其他

部分隔开。

例句：①限定性定语从句：正在睡觉的那个男孩是汤姆。

The boy who is sleeping is Tom.

②非限定性定语从句：水，一种清澈透明的液体，很有用途。

3 限定性定语从句与非限定性定语从句的区别：

⑴限定性定语从句不能省略，如果省略，句意不完整；

非限定性定语从句可以省略，如果省略，句意仍然完整。

⑵限定性定语从句不用“，”把它和句子的其他部分隔开；

非限定性定语从句用“，”把它和句子的其他部分隔开。

⑶限定性定语从句可以用that；

非限定性定语从句 不可以用that。

⑷限定性定语从句的关联词有时可以省略（一般做宾语时省略）；

非限定性定语从句的关联词不可以省略

⑸限定性定语从句一般只能用来修饰先行词；

非限定性定语从句可以用来修饰先行词，也可以用来修饰整个句子或句子的一部分。

⑴关系代词（6个）：

① who 谁（主语）

② whom 谁（宾语）

③ whose 谁的（定语）

④ which 哪个（主语，宾语）

⑤ that （主语，宾语）

⑵关系副词（3个）：

① when ~时候

② where 哪里

③ why 为什么

二：用法：

一关系代词的用法

1 who→在定语从句中做主语→用来指人

例句：我喜欢那个来自美国的男孩儿。

I like the boy who is∕comes from America.

2 whom在定语从句中做宾语→用来指人

例句：①我喜欢的那个男孩儿是汤姆。

The boy whom I like is Tom.

②你正在等的那个医生现在在房间里。

The doctor whom you are waiting for is in the room now.

3 whose在定语从句中做定语→用来指人或指物

例句：①我认识那个叫汤姆的男孩儿。

I know the boy whose name is Tom.

②他喜欢那个窗户朝南开的房间。

He likes the room whose windows open to the south.

This is the book which you want.

②我喜欢红色的那辆车。

I like the car which is red.

5 that→在定语从句中做主语或宾语→用来指人或指物（可以用who, whom, which替换）

※ 必须用that的7种情况：

⑴先行词是all, rything, nothing, few, little等不定代词时，必须用that。

例句：我会告诉你我知道的一切。

I shall l yoything that I know.

⑵当先行词被序数词或形容词修饰时必须用that。

例句：①我不会忘记我学过的课。

I can’t∕won’t forget the first lesson that I learned.

②他是我见过的最可恨的人。

He is the most hateful person that I’ve seen.

⑶当先行词被all, ry, little, few, no等修饰时，必须用that。

例句：我喜欢你给我的所有的书。

I like all the books that you ge me.

⑷当先行词被the only（的）；the very（恰好，正好）；the same（相同的）；the last(的)等修饰时，必须用that。

例句：你是我喜欢的人。

You’re the only person that I like.

⑸当先行词既有人又有物时，必须用that。

I don’t know those persons and things that they are talking about.

⑹当that用做关系副词，修饰表示时间的名词时，可以代替when来。

例句：我不会忘记我次见到你的那一天。

I can’t forget the day that∕when I first met you.

⑺当句子中已有who出现时，必须用that。

例句：正在唱歌的那个女孩是谁？

Who is the girl what is singing?

6 as→在定语从句中做主语或宾语→用来指人或指物。

such…as… 如此像…，这样的(5) We’ll go to hear the famous singer (whom/that/who) we he often talked about.像…，像…一样

the same…as… 相同的…，像…一样

例句：你们正在唱的那样的歌很流行。

Such songs as you’re singing are popular now.

二关系副词的用法

1 when→先行词表示时间

例6. ________ is known to rybody, the moon trels round the earth once ry month.句：我不能忘记在上海的那些日子。

I can’t forget those days when I was in Shanghai.

2 where→先行词表示地点

比较：where→定语从句中谓语动词为不及物动词时用。

that∕which→定语从句中谓语动词为及物动词时用。

例句：This is the place where I lived(不及物动词) last year.

This is the place which∕that(及物动词) last year.

3 why→先行词只有一个reason（原因）

例句：这就是我喜欢你的原因。

This is the reason why I like you.

才五分

请问英语中定语从句 同位语从句 状语从句之间的区别和联系?

40.I don’t like _____ you speak to her.

同位语从句用于解释说明前面的名词。如：

(1) The way in which/ that/./ he answered the question was surprising.

The fact that the earth is round is true. 地球是圆的的事实是真实的。（that从句用于解释说明the fact）

He is the man whom I saw in the park yesterday.

定语从句相当于一个形容词，用于修饰前面的名词。如:

The student who answered the question was John. 回答问题的学生是John.

状语从句相当于一个副词，如：

When it rains, I usually go to school by bus. 天下雨时，我通常坐公共汽车上学。（时间状语）

If he comes tomorrow, you will see him. 如果他明天来，你就可以看见他。（if 的条件状语从句，其结构为：if +状语从句，＋主句）。要注意在状语从句中有一个规则是“主将从现”，即主句是将来时，则从句要用一般现在时表示将来。同样，也有 主过从过 主祈从现 等。。 主句和从句的划分方法是相同的。句子的成分从谓语动词处来划分比较容易。谓语动词前面的部分是主语，后面常接宾语，修饰谓语动词的是状语，修饰主语、宾语的是定语，若谓语是系动词，则系动词后的部分是表语。如：

I am a teacher. 其中，I 是主语，am是谓语，a teacher 是表语。

He likes playing football very mucy. 其中，he是主语，likes是谓语，playing football是宾语，very much是状语。

定语从句

1. 定语从句的关系词有who, whom, whose, that, when, where, why and which. 在非限制定语从句中, 只可用which, who, whose, where , when., 如果指代前面整个句子, 多用which.

2. 当定语从句的先行词前有all, any, no, little, much, very first 等词, 或先行词前为形容词所修饰时,或先行词为all, anything, nothing, soming, rything 时,从句的词只能用that.

3. as 可做词定语从句, 多和such, the same 连用. As 的定语从句也可修饰整个句子, 既可放在先行词后,也可放在句子开头.

4. 介词+which/whom/whose从句

5. 代/名+介词+which 从句

6. 同位语从句和定语从句

三 状语从句:

修饰主句中的动词, 形容词和副词, 通常有从属连词, 按其意义和作用可分为时间, 地点, 条件, 原因, 让步, 目的, 结果, 方式, 比较.等

1. 时间状语从句:

1) 常见连词有 after, as, before, once, since, till, (not)until, when, whenr(no matter when), while, as long as, as soon as etc.

2) no sooner…than, hardly(scarcely, barely)…when: 刚做…就….

3) 还有 immediay, directly, instantly, the moment, the minute, the instant, the second, ry time etc

2. 地点状语从句: 一般用where or wherr

3. 条件状语从句:真实条件从句:if, unless, so long as, provided that, suping that, on condition that, in the nt that, in case that etc

4. 原因状语从句: 从属连词有because, as ,since, for, now, that, in that, seeing that, considering that(鉴于,由于)

5. 让步状语从句:

1): n if, though, n though, while(尽管) no matter what/how/which, howr, whatr, whichr, howr etc.

3) wher…or,不管…或…

6. 结果状语从句: so that, so…that, such…that

7. 目的状语从句: so that, in order that, for fear that, lest, in case

8. 方式状语从句: as, just as, as if: 如同…一样

9. 比较状语从句:

1) as…as, not so/as…as

2) 比较级+than, so much/a lot more than

3) no more…than, not more…than, less…than

4) the more…the more

英语从句是一个很复杂的语法,不可能简洁又明了的概述,我这里只有它的基本结构和用法,你应该去看语法书,那里面有较详尽的解释,还有例句,还可以去一些英语学习的网站,如果你以前没有学英语从句的话,就这样看看它的基本结构和搭配,是不可能完全掌握和理解它的 欢迎追问

定语从句？

4 关联词：

定语从句及相关术语

1.定语从句：定语从句是由关系代词或关系副词的从句，其作用是作定语修饰主句的某个名词性成分，相当于形容词，所以又称为形容词性从句，一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后面。

2.关系词：定语从句的关联词称为关系词，关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as等；关系副词有where, when, why等。关系词常有3个作用：1，定语从句。2，代替先行词。3，在定语从句中担当一个成分。

注：关系代词有主语.宾语之分。一般whom作为宾语。

4.定语：定语用来限定、修饰名词或代词的，是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子，汉语中常用‘……的’表示。主要由形容词担任。此外，名词，代词，数词，分词，副词，不定式以及介词短语也可以来担任，也可以由一个句子来担任．单词作定语时通常放在它所修饰的词之前，作前置定语。短语和从句作定语时则放在所修饰的词之后，作后置定语。

一） 限定性定语从句

一、关系代词

1. that既可代表事物也可代表人，which代表事物；它们在从句中作主语或宾语，that在从句中作宾语时常可省略关系词，which在从句中作宾语也可以省略。[eg：this is the book （which）you want。]而且，如果which在从句中作“不及物动词＋介词”的介词的宾语，注意介词不要丢掉，而且介词总是放在关系代词which的前边，但有的则放在它原来的位置

3. 代表物时多用which，但在带有下列词的句子中用that而不用which，这些词包括当先行词是anything, rything, nothing , none等不定代词时，或者是由ry, any, all, some, no, little, few, much等修饰时等，这时的that常被省略 还有先行词前有序数词或形容词修饰时,或先行词就是序数词或时.以及先行词中既有人又有物时.还有句中前面有which时,都只能用that

4. who和whom的从句用来修饰人，分别作从句中的主语和宾语，whom作宾语时，要注意它可以作动词的宾语也可以作介词的宾语

why=for which

where=in which

when=during which

whose=of which

1. where是关系副词，用来表示地点的定语从句

2. when定语从句表示时间〔注〕值得一提的是，表示时间“time"一词的定语从句只用when，有时不用任何关系代词，当然也不用that

By the time you arrive in London, we will he stayed there for two weeks. I still remember the first time I met her. Each time he goes to business trip, he brings a lot of living necessities, such as towels, soap, toothbrush etc.

3. whose是关系代词，修饰名词作定语，相当于所修饰成分的前置所有格.它的从句可以修饰人和物, 当它的从句修饰物体时, 可以与 of which 调换,表达的意思一样.

4. 当从句的逻辑主语是some, any, no, somebody, anybody, nobody, soming, anything, rything或nothing时，常用there is来

There is somebody here who wants to speak to you. 这里有人要和你说话。

二）非限定性定语从句

非限定性定语从句的作用是对所修饰的成分作进一步说明，通常是词和先行词之间用逗号隔开，将从句拿掉后其他部分仍可成立

2.当先行词是专有名词或物主代词和指示代词所修饰时，其后的定语从句通常是非限制性的，例如：

Charles Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year. 查理·史密斯去年退休了，他曾经是我的老师。

My house, which I bought last year, has got a lovely garden. 我去年买的的那幢房子带着个漂亮的花园。

3.非限制性定语从句还能将整个主句作为先行词, 对其进行修饰, 这时从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数，例如：

He seems not to he grasped what I meant, which greatly upsets me. 他似乎没抓住我的意思，这使我心烦。

4. 有时as也可用作关系代词

5. 在非限定性定语从句中，不能用关系副词why和关系代词that，而用who, whom代表人，用which,whose代表事物.；

[编辑本段]（三）关系代词的定语从句

1.who指人在从句中做主语

(1) The boys who are playing football are from Class One.

2. whom指人，在定语从句中充当宾语，常可省略。（注：who和whom已无太大区别，可以通用。）

(1) Mr. Liu is the person (whom) you talked about on the bus.

注意：关系代词whom在口语和非正式语体中常用who代替，可省略。

如果在从句中做宾语,就用whom或who.比如: He is the man whom/who I talk to.

如果是在从句中作主语就只能用who.比如: He is the man who has an English book.

3.which指物，在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略

(1) Football is a which is liked by most boys.

4. that指人时，相当于who或者whom；指物时，相当于which。

在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略。

(5) The number of the people that/who come to visit the city each year rises one million.

(6) Where is the man that/whom I saw this morning?

5. whose通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语

(1) He has a friend whose father is a doctor.

(2) I once lived in a house whose roof has fallen in.whose指物时，常用以下结构来代替

(3) The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.

(4) The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired.

(5) Do you like the book whose color is yellow?

(6) Do you like the book the color of which is yellow?

二、“as/which”特殊定语从句在句中的位置

由于先行成分的构成成分不同，“as/which”特殊定语从句在句中的位置有以下几种情况：

1. 形容词做先行成分时：形容词或形容词短语（含具有形容词性质的名词）作先行成分，“as / which”特殊定语从句置于先行成分之后。

2. 动词短语作先行成分时：动词短语作先行成分时，“as / which”特殊定语从句置于先行成分之后。但是，当从句中含有表示主观意志的插入成分时，“as”特殊定语从句可以移至句子之首。

3. 句子作先行成分时：“as”特殊定语从句的位置较灵活，可以置于先行成分之前、之中或之后。但如果先行成分是直接引语，“as”特殊定语从句多在先行成分之前。如果先行成分是否定句，“as”特殊定语从句与否定词的相对位置不同可以使它产生不同的意义。由于“as”特殊定语从句具有这一特点，所以有时它的位置不能随便移动。在非正式的文体里，“which”特殊定语从句可以出现在先行成分之中。

三、“as/which”特殊定语从句的语义功能

1. 表示结果

3. 有无状语意义

“as”特殊定语从句具有状语意义（主要是方式状语意义），而“which”特殊定语从句则无状语意义。“as”特殊定语从句的状语意义要求它在语义上与其先行成分的语义保持一致，“which”特殊定语从句则不受这种限制。

四、关系代词as与which的句能

1. as / which 在特殊定语从句中作主语。

as作主语时，谓语动词常为连系动词（主要是be, seem），主语补语为usual、 a rule、 a matter of fact等时，系动词be习惯经常省略。行为动词作“as”特殊定语从句的谓语时一般用于被动语态（其中助动词be常略），不及物的行为动词在“as”特殊定语从句中作谓语的极少，常见的有happen一词。如：

Freddie, as might be expected, was attending the conference.

Which作主语时，谓语动词不限，主语被动皆可，只是谓语动词为被动语态时助动词be省略。

3. as和 which在特殊定语从句中作补语。如：

We thought him a gentleman, as/which he could nr be.

“as”特殊定语从句中可以主谓倒装，“which”从句中则不能主谓倒装。

如果先行成分不是主语补语或宾语补语，关系代词用which而不用as。如：

He talked like a native, which/as he hardly was.

4. which在特殊从定语句中作定语。

which可以在特殊定语从句中作定语，修饰fact, matter, thing 等名词。这些名词代表先行成分表达的意义，有时将其略去句义仍然完整。as不能作定语。如：

I was told to go not by train but bus, which a I followed.

[编辑本段]（十）关系代词that 的用法

(1)不用that的情况

(a) 在非限定性定语从句时。

(错)The tree, that is four dred years old, Is very famous here.

(b) 介词后不能用。

We depend on the land from which we get our food.

We depend on the land that/which we get our food from.

(2) 只能用that作为定语从句的关系代词的情况

(a) 在there be 句型中，只用that，不用which。

(b) 在不定代词，如：anything, nothing, the one, all, much, few, any, little等作先行词时，只用that，不用which。

(c) 先行词有the only, the very,the same,the last,just修饰时，只用that。

(d) 先行词为序数词、数词、形容词时，只用that。.

(e) 先行2. as和which都可以在特殊定语从句中宾语。词既有人，又有物时。

(f) 先行词指物，在主句中作表语时．

(g) 为了避免重复．

(h)先行词是the way时

举例：

Is this the book that you borrowed in the library?

这是你在图书馆借的那本书吗？

Who that break the window should be punished．

谁打碎了窗户都要受到惩罚．

All that is needed is a supply of oil.

所需的只是供油问题。

那贼最终把偷的全部东西交给了警察。

[编辑本段]（十一）难点分析

（一）限制性定语从句只能用that的几种情况

1．当先行词是anything, rything, nothing (soming 除外), few, all, none, little, some等代词时，或者是由ry, any, all, some, no, little, few, much，each等修饰时

(1) He you taken down rything that Mr. Li has said?

(2) There seems to be nothing that seems imsible for him in the world.

(3) All that can be done has been done.

(4) There is little that I can do for you.

注意1：部分时候that可以省略，如部分例句将that用括号括住。

注意2：当先行词指人时，偶尔也可以用who

(4) Any man that/.who has a sense of duty won’t do such a thing.

2. 当先行词被序数词修饰

(1) The first place that they visited in London was the Big Ben.

3. 当先行词被形容词修饰时

(1) This is the best film that I he seen.

4. 当形容词被the very, the only，the same,the last 修饰时

(1) This is the very good dictionary that I want to buy,

(2) After the fire in his house, the old car is the only thing that he owned.

当先行词指人时，偶尔也可以用who

(3) Wang Hua is the only person in our school who will attend the meeting？

5. 当先行词前面有who, which等疑问代词时

(2) Which is the T-shirt that fits me most?

6. 当先行词既有人，也有动物或者物体时

(1) Can yoemember the scientist and his theory that we he learned?

（二）关系代词as和which的定语从句as和which非限制性定语从句，有相同之处也有不同之处。具体情况是：

1．As和which都可以在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，代表前面整个句子。

(1) He married her, as/which was natural.

(2) He was honest, as/which we can see.

2. as 非限制性定语从句，可放在主句之前，或者主句之后，甚至可以切割一个主句；which的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句之后。另外，as有“正如……，正像……”的意思

(1) As is known to all, China is a dloping country.

(2) He is from the south, as we can see from his accent.

(3) John, as you know, is a famous writer.

(4) He has been to Paris more than sral times, which I don’t beli.

注意：当主句和从句存在逻辑上的因果关系时，常用which

(5) Tom was always late for school, which made his teacher angry.

3. 当先行词受such, the same修饰时，常用as

(1) I he nr heard such a story as he ls.

(2) He is not such a fool as he looks.

(3) This is the same book as I lost last week.

注意：当先行词由the same修饰时，偶尔也用that定语从句，但是和由as所的定语从句意思不同

(4) She wore the same dress that she wore at Mary’s wedding.

她穿着她在MARY婚礼上穿过的一条裙子。

(5) She wore the same dress as her young sister wore. 她穿着和她妹妹所穿的一样的裙子。

(三）以the way为先行词的定语从句通常由in which, that，而且通常可以省略。

(四) but有时也可以做关系词定语从句

(1) There are very few but understand his idea.

( but= who don’t )

(五) 区分定语从句和同位语从句

1．定语从句修饰先行词，它和先行词是修饰关系；

同位语从句说明先行词的具体内容，是补充说明的关系

(1) The plane that has just taken off is for London. 定语从句

2．定语从句由关系代词或者关系副词，关系词在句中充当成分，有时可以省略；

同位语从句主要由that，在句中一般不做成分；

句子也可以由when, where, how, why, wher, what等词，充当成分

(1) The news he told me is true.

(2) The news that he has just died is true.

(3) The problem that we are facing now is how we can collect so much money. 定语

(4) The problem how we can collect so much money is difficult to solve.

3. 同位语从句和先行词一般可以用be动词发展成一个完整的句子，而定语从句不可以

(1) The idea that we could ask the teacher for a is wonderful. 同位语

(2) The idea was that we could ask the teacher for a.

(3) The fact that the earth moves around the earth is known to all.

(4) The fact is that the earth moves around the earth.

18. 定语从句

定语从句（Attributive Clauses）在句中做定语，修饰一个名词或代词，被修饰的名词,词组或代词即先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引出。

关系代词有：who, whom, whose, that, which等。

关系副词有： when, where, why等。

18.1 关系代词的定语从句

关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。

1）who, whom, that

这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，在从句中所起作用如下：

Is he the man who/that wants to see you?

他就是你想见的人吗？（who/that在从句中作主语）

He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday.

他就是我昨天见的那个人。（whom/that在从句中作宾语）

2) Whose 用来指人或物，(只用作定语, 若指物，它还可以同of which互换）, 例如：

They rushed over to the man whose car had broken down. 那人车坏了，大家都跑过去帮忙。

Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green. 请递给我那本绿皮的书。

3）which, that

它们所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等，例如：

A prosperity which / that had nr been seen before appears in the countryside. 农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。（which / that在句中作宾语）

The package (which / that) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 你拿的包快散了。(which / that在句中作宾语）

〔定语从句〕介词+关系词

1）介词后面的关系词不能省略。

2）that前不能有介词。

3）某些在从句中充当时间，地点或原因状语的"介词+关系词"结构可以同关系副词when 和where 互换。例如：

This is the house in which I lived two years ago. 这是我两年前住过的房子。

一、关系代词

1. that既可代表事物也可代表人，which代表事物；它们在从句中作主语或宾语，that在从句中作宾语时常可省略关系词，which在从句中作宾语也可以省略。[eg：this is the book （which）you want。]而且，如果which在从句中作“不及物动词＋介词”的介词的宾语，注意介词不要丢掉，而且介词总是放在关系代词which的前边，但有的则放在它原来的位置

3. 代表物时多用which，但在带有下列词的句子中用that而不用which，这些词包括当先行词是anything, rything, nothing , none等不定代词时，或者是由ry, any, all, some, no, little, few, much等修饰时等，这时的that常被省略 还有先行词前有序数词或形容词修饰时,或先行词就是序数词或时.以及先行词中既有人又有物时.还有句中前面有which时,都只能用that

4. who和whom的从句用来修饰人，分别作从句中的主语和宾语，whom作宾语时，要注意它可以作动词的宾语也可以作介词的宾语

why=for which

where=in which

when=during which

whose=of which

1. where是关系副词，用来表示地点的定语从句

2. when定语从句表示时间〔注〕值得一提的是，表示时间“time"一词的定语从句只用when，有时不用任何关系代词，当然也不用that

By the time you arrive in London, we will he stayed there for two weeks. I still remember the first time I met her. Each time he goes to business trip, he brings a lot of living necessities, such as towels, soap, toothbrush etc.

3. whose是关系代词，修饰名词作定语，相当于所修饰成分的前置所有格.它的从句可以修饰人和物, 当它的从句修饰物体时, 可以与 of which 调换,表达的意思一样.

4. 当从句的逻辑主语是some, any, no, somebody, anybody, nobody, soming, anything, rything或nothing时，常用there is来

There is somebody here who wants to speak to you. 这里有人要和你说话。

[编辑本段]（二）非限定性定语从句

非限定性定语从句的作用是对所修饰的成分作进一步说明，通常是词和先行词之间用逗号隔开，将从句拿掉后其他部分仍可成立

2.当先行词是专有名词或物主代词和指示代词所修饰时，其后的定语从句通常是非限制性的，例如：

Charles Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year. 查理·史密斯去年退休了，他曾经是我的老师。

My house, which I bought last year, has got a lovely garden. 我去年买的的那幢房子带着个漂亮的花园。

3.非限制性定语从句还能将整个主句作为先行词, 对其进行修饰, 这时从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数，例如：

He seems not to he grasped what I meant, which greatly upsets me. 他似乎没抓住我的意思，这使我心烦。

Liquid water changes to vapor, which is called evaporation. 液态水变为蒸汽，这就叫做蒸发。

4. 有时as也可用作关系代词

5. 在非限定性定语从句中，不能用关系副词why和关系代词that，而用who, whom代表人，用which,whose代表事物.；

[编辑本段]（三）关系代词的定语从句

1.who指人在从句中做主语

(1) The boys who are playing football are from Class One.

2. whom指人，在定语从句中充当宾语，常可省略。（注：who和whom已无太大区别，可以通用。）

(1) Mr. Liu is the person (whom) you talked about on the bus.

(2) Mr. Ling is just the boy whom I want to see.

(3) The man who/whom you met just now is my friend.

注意：关系代词whom在口语和非正式语体中常用who代替，可省略。

如果在从句中做宾语,就用whom或who.比如: He is the man whom/who I talk to.

如果是在从句中作主语就只能用who.比如: He is the man who has an English book.

3.which指物，在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略

(1) Football is a which is liked by most boys.

4. that指人时，相当于who或者whom；指物时，相当于which。

在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略。

(5) The number of the people that/who come to visit the city each year rises one million.

(6) Where is the man that/whom I saw this morning?

5. whose通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语

(1) He has a friend whose father is a doctor.

(2) I once lived in a house whose roof has fallen in.whose指物时，常用以下结构来代替

(3) The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.

(4) The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired.

(5) Do you like the book whose color is yellow?

(6) Do you like the book the color of which is yellow?

[编辑本段]（四）注意

介词+关系代词的定语从句关系代词在定语从句中做介词宾语时

(1) The school (that/which) he once studied in is very famous.

(2) The school in which he once studied is very famous.

(3) Tomorrow I will bring here a magazine (that/which) you asked for.

(4) Tomorrow I will bring here a magazine for which you asked.

(6) We’ll go to hear the famous singer about whom we he often talked.

注意：1. 含有介词的动词短语一般不拆开使用，如：look for, look after, take care of等

(1) This is the watch which/that I am looking for. (T＝正确)

(2) This is the watch for which I am looking. (F＝错误)

2. 若介词放在关系代词前，关系代词指人时用whom，不可用who或者that；指物时用which，不能用that；关系代词是所有格时用whose

(2) The man with that you talked is my friend. (F)

(3) The plane in which we flew to Canada is very comfortable. (T)

(4) The plane in that we flew in to Canada is very comfortable. (F)

3. “介词+关系代词”前可有some, any, none, both, all, neither, most, each, few等代词或者数词

(1) He loved his parents deeply, both of whom are very kind to him.

(2) In the basket there are quite many apples, some of which he gone bad.

(3) There are forty students in our class in all, most of whom are from big cities.

[编辑本段]（五）关系副词的定语从句

1. when指时间，在定语从句中做时间状语

(1) I still remember the day when I first came to the school.

(2) The time when we got toger finally came.

2. where指地点，在定语从句中做地点状语

(1) Shanghai is the city where I was born.

(2) The house where I lived ten years ago has been pulled down.

3. why指原因，在定语从句中做原因状语

(1) Please l me the reason why you missed the plane.

(2) I don’t know the reason why he looks unhappy today.

注意：关系副词的从句可以由“介词+关系代词”的从句替换

(1) The reason why/ for which he refused the invitation is not clear,

(2) From the year when/in which he was going to school he began to know what he wanted when he grew up.

[编辑本段]（六）判断关系代词与关系副词

方法一： 用关系代词，还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。不及物动词后面无宾语，就必须要求用关系副词或者是介词加关系代词；而及物动词后接宾语，则要求用关系代词。例如：

This is the mountain village where I stayed last year.

I'll nr forget the days when I worked toger with you.

什么是定语从句？

建议你看看语法书。

看Thefactthathehasalreadydiedisquiteclear.（同位语从句）他已经了，这个事实很明了。这里：

one 同位语从句的用法，请高手举例说明

(1) Who is the man that is standing there?

1 Tom is2. 表示评注 a good boy,ONE th4. 特殊的否定的形式at ry girl enjoys friends with .

2 We need to buy a big house,ONE with a beautiful garden.

3 They want to live in a modern city, ONE that is as dloped as Shanghai.